by Ken Toole | Oct 11, 2026 | Appraisal, Corporations, Taxes
This post is from WTF406.com’s archives. You can see other archived posts by searching on a name or topic on WTF406.com’s landing page. Please hit the subscribe button if you are not already a subscriber. This post ran on May 16, 2025.
In this post we are focusing on the games large corporations play on property taxes and “appraised values.” We’ve already written about Calumet’s shenanigans in receiving reductions in property taxes with the help and support of local Republican legislator Steve Fitzpatrick and Attorney Kim Beatty, wife of the Director of the Department of Revenue. https://wtf406.com/2025/04/calumets-got-lawyers-and-politicians/
The Goal of All Property Appraisal is to Establish the Market Value Of The Property
The first step in determining how much you will owe in property taxes is determined by the appraised value of your home, land, business, or rental. That value is determined by the Montana Department of Revenue’s appraisal process. The most common way the Department of Revenue determines the value of your home is to identify comparable property in your area that has sold. It is determining the “market value” by looking at sales of similar property.
Three Methods of Appraisal to Determine How Much a Property Is Worth
It is harder to find “comparable sales” for large industrial facilities like Calumet, because they do not sell as often and there are far fewer of them to use as comparisons. There are other ways to establish the market value. In addition to the comparable sales method, there is also the “cost approach” which adds the cost of land, buildings and other improvements and adjusts for condition of facilities to determine the total value. The third method is the “income approach.” In this system the appraiser looks at the income and expenses generated by the property. Calumet and other refineries are generally appraised using the “cost approach.”
Here’s The Game They Play. . .
If a property owner does not agree with the Department of Revenue’s appraisal, there is an appeal process through the Montana Tax Appeals Board. That process allows the Department of Revenue and the appellant (say, Calumet) to negotiate a voluntary settlement. Calumet and other refineries in Montana routinely appeal their valuations and routinely enter settlements with the Department of Revenue which result in lowering their taxes. None of the negotiation meetings are public. And when their taxes are lowered, your taxes go up. For a complete explanation of how this works, follow the link below. https://dailymontanan.com/2023/07/26/big-corporations-get-tax-benefits-while-montana-resident-get-higher-property-taxes/
2012 Showdown In A Legislative Committee
Dan Bucks, the Department of Revenue Director under former Governor Brian Schweitzer, refused to play this game. Instead, he defended the appraised values by the Department of Revenue rather than entering settlements. Not surprisingly, big corporate taxpayers, like refineries, didn’t like Buck’s approach. In September 2012, three refineries attempted to set him up in front of the legislative interim committee on Revenue and Transportation in a failed attempt to apply political pressure.
At the same time, Connacher Oil and Gas Limited, the previous owners of the Great Falls refinery, reached a deal with Calumet to sell the refinery for $120 million. That purchase established the actual market value of the refinery. The Department of Revenue had appraised the value of the refinery at $70 million, and Connacher Oil had appealed that appraisal, arguing it was too high even though it was $50 million below the actual purchase price paid by Calumet. Below is an audio clip of Bucks explaining the issue to the legislative committee.
https://sg001-harmony.sliq.net/00309/Harmony/en/PowerBrowser/PowerBrowserV2/20120914/-1/20693?startposition=20120914072325&mediaEndTime=20120914072507&viewMode=3&globalStreamId=4
Our Local Elected Officials Need to Represent Us, not Big Corporations
Too often local elected officials pander to these big corporations. Beware of politicians who talk about the economic benefits of “industrial development.” Too often we get taxes shifting more and more to residential and small business and underfunded public services. We need more people in government like Dan Bucks. We won’t get them if we (the public) don’t demand that the tax system is equitable and transparent and companies like Calumet pay their fair share.
by Ken Toole | Sep 23, 2026 | Corruption, Legislature, Taxes
This post is from WTF406.com’s archives. You can see other archived posts by searching on a name or topic on WTF406.com’s landing page. Please hit the subscribe button if you are not already a subscriber. This post ran on April 1, 2025.
Like most large corporations, Calumet/Montana Renewables hires law firms with well-connected lawyers. Here in Montana, it is Browning, Kaleczyc, Berry and Hoven (BKBH), a Helena-based “silk stocking” law firm. Their attorneys use law and politics to help the corporation comply with the law, maximize profits, and avoid paying taxes.
Calumet Gets Property Tax Breaks Every Year
A prime example is Calumet/Montana Renewables’ repeated appeals of their property tax valuations. They have appealed their property valuations every single year since 2017. These appeals have resulted in significant reductions to their valuations resulting in lower property taxes in every case. In five separate appeals between 2017 and 2021, the average valuation reduction Calumet/Montana Renewables received each year was $107,123,622. There are currently appeals still pending for the last three years.
When a large business like Calumet/Montana Renewables, the largest property taxpayer in Cascade County, files a property tax appeal, local governments are forced to delay adopting budgets. They cannot be sure how much revenue will come in based on new valuations. But when an appeal is settled through negotiation, as these have been, there is no complete record of findings. The parties (Department of Revenue and Calumet/Montana Renewables) simply agree on a number.
Fitzpatrick’s Special Tax Legislation
More concerning is the activity of a BKBH attorney and Republican state Senator representing Great Falls, Steve Fitzpatrick. To our knowledge, Fitzpatrick is not directly employed by Calumet. But he is a “shareholder ” in the firm, which derives significant revenue from Calumet.
In the 2023 legislative session, Fitzpatrick introduced Senate Bill 510, titled “Provide Property tax incentives for alternative fuel production.” This new law changed the process for receiving tax “abatement” for Calumet/Montana Renewables. Now only the county has the authority to approve forgiving property taxes. But requests for abatement cannot be denied by the county commissioners. The county can only decide to give up 80%, 90% or 100%. In March, the county commission voted to give Calumet/Montana Renewables the minimum, 80%. The abatement phases out after five years.
https://theelectricgf.com/2025/03/11/county-approves-80-percent-tax-abatement-for-calumet/
This year’s action comes on top of a 50% abatement Montana Renewables is already receiving. The city estimates that the previous abatement cost the city $2.77 million in lost revenue. No figures were available from the county for the same period.
https://montanafreepress.org/2024/10/21/a-closer-look-at-calumets-tax-benefits/
The Whole Plant is Air Pollution Control Equipment?
Fitzpatrick’s bill also added language which defined virtually all of Montana Renewables’ plant as tax-exempt “air pollution control equipment.” Naturally, Montana Renewables then applied to the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) for the exemption of the $430 million plant. DEQ denied the application, approving only 8% of their request. Calumet/Montana Renewables appealed DEQ’s decision to the Montana Tax Appeals Board. A decision is pending.
These Special Breaks Cost The Rest Of US
The stakes in this game are very high. A full tax exemption for Montana Renewables could erase more than $1.5 million in proceeds to schools, $1.8 million for the City of Great Falls, and $1.1 million for Cascade County. If this case is resolved by “negotiated settlement,” we may never know what justifies this huge tax give away.
https://montanafreepress.org/2025/02/10/calumet-applies-for-new-tax-benefit/
The Law Firm’s Influence For Calumet
As mentioned before, Fitzpatrick is a “shareholder” in (BKBH). Many of the principals in this firm are well established figures in the legal community with numerous connections in both political parties. BKBH provides lobbying services to clients as well as legal representation.
One of Calumet’s attorneys at BKBH is Kimberly Beatty, the wife of the current director of the Montana Department of Revenue, Brendan Beatty. The Department of Revenue website says he operates the family ranch as well. Brendan Beatty filed a potential conflict of interest disclosure with the Montana Commissioner of Political Practices as required by administrative rules.
It Should Make You Go, “Hmmm”
Beatty certainly is paid for her work for Calumet/Montana Renewables. We can’t say if Fitzpatrick has ever received direct payment from Calumet/Montana Renewables. Even if he did, it likely would not be illegal. Fitzpatrick and Beatty are “shareholders” in BKBH. In theory both benefit from the firm’s work for Calumet/Montana Renewables. In these times of political influence peddling and big corporations dodging taxes, it’s just one of those things that makes you go hmmm. . . .
by Ken Toole | Sep 12, 2026 | Republicans, Taxes, Taxpayers
Do You Make Less Than $91,000 a Year?
With great fanfare, Governor Gianforte announced a “public engagement campaign” to promote a “flat income tax” in Montana. The idea is simple: Republicans want to eliminate our current multi-tiered income tax and replace it with one 4.7% rate for everyone, regardless of their income.
The result of this proposal is a big income-tax break for wealthy taxpayers and a big, fat nothing for you if you make less than $91,000 per year. Same old trickle-down BS.
Understanding the Relative Value of a Dollar
The concept of a flat tax sounds good. Everyone ends up paying the same rate regardless of their income. Sounds fair, right?
It’s not.
Economists use the term “marginal utility” to explain the fact that one dollar is worth more or less to individuals depending on their income. Put bluntly, it refers to the fact that very wealthy people do not value a dollar the same way a person farther down the income scale does.
Business Insider actually crunched the numbers and found that the value of one dollar for an average American equates to $1,355 for the average billionaire.
Most people understand that wealthy people often don’t count their pennies like the rest of us. Of course not. They don’t have to worry about it.
Think about the last time you made a major purchase. Most of us start by deciding what we can afford. Imagine how different it would be if you didn’t have to worry about the price.
Outside Groups to Run the Montana “Public Engagement Campaign” for a Flat Tax
Standing next to Governor Gianforte at the press event announcing the campaign to promote the flat tax were Jack Baum from the D.C.-based group Americans for Tax Reform and Chris Cargill, president of the Idaho-based group Mountain States Policy Center. Both groups are part of a national network of right-wing organizations promoting a menu of “economic reforms.”
Americans for Tax Reform was founded by Grover Norquist, who is currently president of the group. Norquist is probably best known for a comment he made in 2001. He told a reporter, “I don’t want to abolish government. I simply want to reduce it to the size where I can drag it into the bathroom and drown it in the bathtub.”
Mountain States Policy Center is based in Idaho. It is a member of a national group called the State Policy Network (SPN). A report by the Center for Media and Democracy found that the group had a budget of $152 million in 2022.
The State Policy Network claims to be nonpartisan and independent. But it is funded by the Koch brothers and other right-wing funders. The group is also a major driver of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), which develops model legislation to implement right-wing policies and disseminates them to state legislators and lobbyists.
(See “EXPOSED: The State Policy Network — The Powerful Right-Wing Network Helping to Hijack State Politics and Government”)
The Mountain States Policy Center appears occasionally on Montana editorial pages, promoting its version of free-market economics and public policy.
Former Montana Law School professor Rob Natelson is listed as one of the organization’s “research fellows.” He authored a report recommending that Montana hold a constitutional convention because he believes there are flaws in our current constitution.
Natelson has a long and controversial history in Montana. He left the University of Montana Law School under a cloud of controversy. He was unpopular with his colleagues, who voted to deny him emeritus status. He also sued the law school, alleging that he had been discriminated against because of his conservative views.
In 1996, Natelson ran for governor against Marc Racicot in the Republican primary. He received less than 25% of the vote. In 2000, he ran again and was defeated by Judy Martz in the Republican primary.
Flat Tax Likely to Be Center Stage in the Next Legislature
The Gianforte administration and its out-of-state hired guns are clearly setting the stage for the next legislature.
If you make less than $91,000 a year, the proposal offers you nothing but the continued shoveling of money into the pockets of the people at the top of the income ladder.
by Ken Toole | Aug 18, 2026 | Elections, Taxes
County Commissioner Joe Briggs is making the rounds with a menu of potential cuts aimed at reducing local property taxes. Briggs recently distributed the information shown in the graphics above and below at a local Pachyderm Club meeting.
Most of us would probably like to see our property taxes reduced. Most of us also want to retain at least some of the services Briggs has identified as potential cuts. The truth is that local governments have been put between a rock and a hard place by restrictions imposed by the legislature. Rigid limits on local-government funding have forced cuts to many local services—regardless of how necessary or popular those services are in the community.
On top of that, local business-development and recruitment efforts have turned into a legalized Ponzi scheme, providing tax breaks and deferrals to large corporations that often ignore the needs of the communities where they operate. Calumet is a master of this game. (See our previous post: https://wtf406.com/2025/05/how-large-industrial-corporations-like-calumet-are-screwing-you/ )
Janicki Industries is another recent example. The Electric reports that, under state law, Janicki’s property will be taxed at 50 percent of its taxable value for the first five years. Each year thereafter, the percentage will increase by equal increments until the property reaches its full taxable value in the tenth year.
Janicki also wants phased approval, allowing each phase to receive a separate tax-abatement period. Local county commissioners chose to give Janicki the minimum tax abatement allowed under state law: 80 percent. You can thank local legislator Steve Fitzpatrick for this particular gift to large corporations. See our post on Fitzpatrick’s legislation: (https://wtf406.com/2025/04/calumets-got-lawyers-and-politicians/ )
This situation is a direct result of Republican trickle-down economic theory. The idea is that reducing taxes frees up capital for businesses to expand. That expansion creates economic activity, which increases the tax base and helps pay for public services and amenities.
It sounds nice, but reality doesn’t work that way. Businesses have stronger incentives to increase returns for investors. They do that by increasing profit margins—often through higher prices, cutting expenses, such as employee benefits and wages, and shifting costs onto others in the community by failing to clean up their messes. They also use the political process to advance all of those goals.
And that leaves us with Joe’s chart of the budget and list of possible cuts.
In a place where the majority of officials are Republicans who believe the trickle down mythology, public services take a back seat to attracting big businesses. So Joe Brigg’s Wheel of Fortune offers nothing but cuts to services which erode the quality of life in Great Falls. But in fairness to Joe, there is not much he can do about it because the legislation passed by Steve Fitzpatrick and other corporate shills in the legislature tie his hands with state law.
by Guest Cartoonist | Jul 23, 2026 | Governor, Money, Republicans, Taxes
by Guest Writer | May 26, 2026 | Guest Articles, Taxes
By Guest Writer Representative Jane Weber
There is a dangerous petition circling Montana. When approached, DO NOT SIGN CI-134. Like the Sirens calling in Ulysses with their beautiful voices, paid signature gatherers are calling on voters to sign a petition that could be the death knell for city and county governments. The lure of stabilizing property taxes is sweet bait to an unsuspecting fish, but don’t bite the hook. Why? Because when something sounds simple, it usually is hiding the truth. And the truth is this . . .
CI-134 creates a fixed property tax formula that decimates local government funding. If you like smooth roads, police protection, rapid response to your house on fire, clean drinking water, libraries, restaurant and swimming pool safety inspections, and your local fairgrounds, kiss it all goodbye. This initiative unravels city and county funding by limiting property tax growth to 2% per parcel per year for all taxing categories – residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural and more. It also sets the baseline to the lesser of the property taxes paid in 2024 or 2025 or 2026.
CI-134 would disproportionately benefit wealthy out-of-staters. The biggest second homes would get some of the biggest tax cuts while the rest of us are left with the bag.
CI-134 deceptively sounds favorable because it states voted levies are exempted from the 2% cap. Don’t be fooled. In reality, CI-134 changes how voters choose local levies by requiring a majority vote of the qualified electorate. That’s the total number of qualified voters, NOT a majority of those who took the interest in voting. It would be easy-peasy to kill a local levy by simply encouraging people not to vote.
Finally, CI-134 alters our Montana Constitution, something difficult to unravel once set into play. We cherish our Constitution, don’t let the majority lock in bad policy.
CI-134 is not right for Montana. When asked to sign, Just DON’T Do IT.
